BENJAMIN Benjamin – The French Guiana and Suriname….. The French Guiana and Suriname, Businenge (meaning people of the forest) are the descendants of the tribe of Benjamin. The descendants of enslaved Africans taken to Suriname to work in plantations. Some slaves escaped and established independent communities in the forest. TheyContinue Reading
Joseph the Garifunas…… The Garifuna people (/ˌɡɑːriːˈfuːnə/ GAR-ee-FOO-nə[3][4] or Spanish pronunciation: [ɡa’ɾifuna]; pl. Garínagu[5] in Garifuna)[a] are a mixed African and indigenous people who originally lived on the Caribbean island of Saint Vincent and speak Garifuna, an Arawakan language, and Vincentian Creole. The Garifuna are the descendants of indigenous Arawak, Kalinago (Island Carib), and Afro-Caribbean people. The founding population of the Central American diaspora, estimated at 2,500 to 5,000 persons,Continue Reading
Zebulon the aeta negritos… The Aeta (Ayta /ˈaɪtə/ EYE-tə), Agta, or Dumagat, are collective terms for several Filipino indigenous peoples who live in various parts of the island of Luzon in the Philippines. They are considered to be part of the Negrito ethnic groups and share common physical characteristics of dark skin tones, short statures, curly to Afro-textured hair, and a higher frequency of naturallyContinue Reading
ISSACHAR MIskitu Sambu….. The Miskito Sambu, also known simply as the Miskito, are an ethnic group of mixed cultural ancestry (African-Indigenous American) occupying a portion of the Caribbean coast of Central America (particularly on the Atlantic coasts of Honduras and Nicaragua) known as the Mosquito Coast region. Although older records, beginning with Spanish documents of the early 18thContinue Reading
Asher the Papuans……. The Papua conflict is an ongoing conflict in Western New Guinea between Indonesia and the Free Papua Movement (Indonesian: Organisasi Papua Merdeka, OPM). Subsequent to the withdrawal of the Dutch administration from the Netherlands New Guinea in 1962[and implementation of Indonesian administration in 1963, the Free Papua Movement has conducted a low-intensity guerrilla war against Indonesia through the targetingContinue Reading
GAD The Black Seminoles…… The Black Seminoles or Afro-Seminoles are Black Indians associated with the Seminole people in Florida and Oklahoma. They are mostly blood descendants of the Seminole people, free Blacks, and escaped slaves (called maroons) who allied with Seminole groups in Spanish Florida. Many have Seminole lineage, but due to the stigma of having dark skin, they all have been categorized as slaves orContinue Reading
Naphtali the Samoans….. Mau was a non-violent movement for Samoan independence from colonial rule during the first half of the 20th century. Mau means ‘resolute’ or ‘resolved’ in the sense of ‘opinion’, ‘unwavering’, ‘to be decided’, or ‘testimony’; also denoting ‘firm strength’ in Samoan. The motto for the Mau were the words Samoa mo Samoa (Samoa for the Samoans). Similarly in Hawaiian Mau means toContinue Reading
Dan the indigenous Blacks ….. The first Black person in Nova Scotia, Mathieu da Costa, a Mikmaq interpreter, was recorded among the founders of Port Royal in 1604. West Africans were brought as enslaved people both in early British and French Colonies in the 17th and 18th Centuries. Many came as enslaved people, primarilyContinue Reading
JUDAH the Cimarron Palenqueros…… The Cimarrons in Panama were enslaved Africans who had escaped from their Spanish masters and lived together as maroons. In the 1570s, they allied with Francis Drake of England to defeat the Spanish conquest. In Sir Francis Drake Revived (1572), Drake describes the Cimarrons as “a black people which about eighty years past fled fromContinue Reading
LEVI The Maroons Jamaican Maroons descend from Africans who freed themselves from slavery on the Colony of Jamaica and established communities of Free black people in Jamaica in the mountainous interior, primarily in the eastern parishes. Africans who were enslaved during Spanish rule over Jamaica (1493–1656) may have been the first to develop such refugee communities. Jamaican Maroons Regions withContinue Reading